SCIENCE

Global treaty is failing to curb ultra-potent HFC-23 greenhouse gas emissions

Air-conditioning units, which often use HFC gases, on a building in Shenyang, China Visual China Group via Getty Images Emissions of a powerful greenhouse gas

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Crystal-based cooling could make fridges more sustainable

Refrigerators and freezers typically get their cooling power from environmentally harmful fluids Mint Images Limited/Alamy A new type of crystal could enable refrigerators and air

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IBM will release the largest ever quantum computer in 2025

Multiple copies of IBM’s quantum Flamingo chip can be connected together IBM IBM is planning to build the largest quantum computer so far, by linking

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AI-powered avatars can gesture naturally as they speak

Humans use both speech and gestures to convey information Stanford University An artificial intelligence model can make virtual avatars gesture naturally to match spoken words

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Quantum entanglement can be endlessly ’embezzled’ from quantum fields

Some quantum fields have an infinite amount of entanglement that can be taken Jurik Peter/Shutterstock Entanglement is one of the most valuable resources in the

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OpenAI’s o3 model aced a test of AI reasoning – but it’s still not AGI

OpenAI announced a breakthrough achievement for its new o3 AI model Rokas Tenys / Alamy OpenAI’s new o3 artificial intelligence model has achieved a breakthrough

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Microrobot swarms mimic ant-like feats of strength

The sand-grain-sized robots work cooperatively, similar to ants Jeong Jae Wie et al. Swarms of tiny robots guided by magnetic fields can coordinate to act

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‘Vampire’ hedgehog among 234 new species identified in Asia

The vampire-like Hylomys macarong hedgehog Alexei V. Abramov An extraordinary 234 new species were described by scientists in the Greater Mekong region of South-East Asia

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The US Navy wants to use quantum computers for war games and much more

The US Navy’s Los Angeles-class fast attack submarine USS Hampton MC2 Chase Stephens/U.S. Navy/Alamy The US Navy has a long wish list of applications for

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The ancient board games we finally know how to play – thanks to AI

In the 1970s, in a grave in a Bronze Age cemetery in Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran, an incredible object was unearthed next to a human skull: